The Dog Food Comparison Blog

Dog food is becoming a common cause of ailments in many dogs.  These ailments can be caused by a dog food allergy which is an immunologically based reaction to food or by a dog food intolerance, which is a general term describing any adverse reaction to food that does not have an immunologic basis (such as food poisoning).

Dog food allergies seem to affect both male and female dogs alike, but in two recent studies is was found that certain dog breeds may have a risk for the development of dog food allergy.

The breeds noted included: Springer Spaniel, Miniature Schnauzer, Labrador Retriever, Soft-Coated Wheaton Terrier, Dalmatian, West-Highland White Terrier, Collie, Chinese Shar Pei, Llasa Apsa, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund and the Boxer.  Data from a Colorado State University sudy shows that retrievers may be at greater risk to develop food allergy than other breeds. Reports also show that animals less than one year old may have a greater chance of developing a dog food allergy.

Clinical Signs of Dog Food Allergy

The most common symptom of a dog food allergy is non-seasonal pruritus (chronic itching), which is usually generalized but may also be primarily focused at the feet or ears. The most common skin problems are papules (a small, solid and usually conical elevation of the skin) and erythema (reddening of the skin) common secondary problems are epidermal collarettes (a circular lesion with a circular rim of scale and or a peeling edge), pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spots), hyperpigmentation, and seborrhea (the accumulation of scales of greasy skin).

Gastrointestinal (GI) signs caused by dog food allergies seem to be rare; although, a recent report documented 20 dogs with both pruritus and GI signs typical of colitis (inflammation of the large intestine which usually leads to abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea with blood and mucus). Both the skin problems and intestinal signs resolved after the dogs started on an elimination diet.

Neurologic signs such as malaise and seizures rarely have been reported. The author feels that malaise may be under-reported, as an increase in energy level (“acting like a puppy, feeling better”) is often noted upon feeding the dog a diet without the offending allergen; this may occur before cessation of pruritus. Respiratory signs, such as asthma, have also been reported, but seem to be quite rare.

Concurrent hypersensitivities have been reported in dogs and include atopy, flea allergy dermatitis, intestinal parasite allergy, and even an allergy to bovine insulin. Concurrent pyoderma and/or Malassezia pachydermatis infection is also common. Dogs may have pyoderma (infection of the skin) as the only clinical sign of a dog food allergy. These dogs are often clinically normal while receiving antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat secondary infections, as persistence of pruritus due to these infections may confound the ability of the veterinarian to diagnose the underlying dog food allergy.

Source: Stephen White www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00093.htm

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